The landscape is rugged because interdependencies among choices give rise to peaks characterized by higher pe rformance and valleys in which performance is lower.
Rugged landscape model.
Levinthal built on a specific rugged landscape model kauffman s nk models to study the interaction between selection and adaptation.
This is a highly simplified model because true strategies will need to align far more than 2 attributes but it does give us an idea of how the concept works.
The nk model affords a tuneably rugged fitness landscape since tuning k alters how rugged the landscape is.
This can be seen from the following.
A rugged landscape model for self organization and emergent leadership in creative problem solving and production groups august 2005 nonlinear dynamics psychology and life sciences 9 3 297 333.
Rivkin and siggelkow 2003.
The rough mount fuji model much of the current theory of adaptation is based on gillespie s mutational landscape model mlm which.
Except for rare ties.
In the visual example of a rugged landscape you can see how your anti nazi strategy tends to work well when your infantry and air force have a relatively equivalent balance and works best when they give approximately equal time to both.
Adaptation on rugged landscapes daniel a.
The landscape model 2 has been designed to simulate the fluctuation of the concepts activation scores similarly to the ci model a visual representation of results from the landscape model are.
For k 0 each site is independent of all other sites.
The nk or rugged landscape model an elegant and far reaching formulation that explains how a system of components continuously improves by evolving over time.
The nk model has been used to examine evolution in both10 11.
Levinthal the wharton school university of pennsylvania philadelphia pennsylvania 19104 6370 a simple model is developed to explore the interrelationship between processes of.
Subsequently a large number of papers have employed similar models to study a range of questions in strategic management see e g rivkin 2000.